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EmergingIndustry, Economy & Capital1–3 years
AI resilience requires layered security
Hardware, cloud, data, models and applications expose different attack surfaces and failure modes. Securing only the user-facing application leaves important upstream risks unmanaged.
Bank for International Settlements18 March 2025Reviewed 26 July 2026
FUURAA original conceptual visualWhat the evidence indicates
A concise reading of the source
Hardware, cloud, data, models and applications expose different attack surfaces and failure modes. Securing only the user-facing application leaves important upstream risks unmanaged.
FUURAA interpretation
Why this could matter
Assurance should trace provenance, controls and incidents across every critical layer.
How to read this signal
A direction still taking shape
Multiple developments point in this direction, but timing, adoption and outcomes remain open.
