See
Measure detection range and probability across size, aspect, weather and sensor failure.
Deployment evaluation · 15
Navigation integrity and conflict avoidance
Test detection, classification, rules, manoeuvre, uncertainty and recovery around real traffic and hazards.
Evidence statusCross-domain mission framework · vehicle, operation and jurisdiction validation requiredLast reviewed: 15 August 2026
15
FUURAA thesis
Avoidance is a closed interaction with other traffic, not an isolated obstacle-detection score.
Engineering map
Turn the title into engineering objects that can be observed, measured and reviewed.
Each layer states the boundary to establish and the evidence needed for the next decision.
Decide
Verify classification, right-of-way logic, uncertainty and human escalation.
Act
Measure manoeuvre timing, clearance, stability and return to mission.
Verification questions
Write the questions first, then decide whether a demo, test, pilot or operating record can answer them.
Each question needs an object, conditions, denominator, threshold and accountable decision owner.
- 01
Which traffic is hard to detect?
- 02
How are ambiguous rules escalated?
- 03
Can the manoeuvre create a new conflict?
- 04
Are near misses retained?
Evidence to preserve
Enable the next reader to reconstruct conditions, results, failures and the decision.
A conclusion alone loses reviewability; raw records, configuration and exclusions matter too.
- 01
Evidence package 1
Traffic and hazard test catalogue
- 02
Evidence package 2
Unedited detect-decide-act traces
- 03
Evidence package 3
Near-miss and corrective-action record
Scope boundary
State what this evidence still cannot be generalised to.
- 01
Waypoint following or detection accuracy alone cannot establish safe coexistence with dynamic traffic.
- 02
This is an engineering reading and decision framework; it does not replace application-specific risk assessment, conformity work, procurement acceptance or professional advice.
Sources and evidence status
Read standards scope, measurement evidence and application conclusions separately.
Source dates and review status remain visible; external sources open in a new tab.
01
ISO · Published 2026-08-07 · Edition 3
↗02ISO 21384-3:2026 — Uncrewed aircraft operational procedures
Specifies requirements for safe commercial UAS operations, including external safety-critical command-and-control services.
IMO · Adopted 2026-05 · effective 2026-07-01
↗03International Code of Safety for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships
Establishes a goal-based framework for MASS design, operation and certification, including modes, operational limits, remote centres, cybersecurity and human oversight.
International Hydrographic Review / IHO · Published 2020-11-30 · updated 2021-09-21
↗Hydrographic survey with autonomous surface vehicles
Separates remote piloting from several autonomy levels and links supervision to traffic, hazards, weather, sensors, communications and recovery.