Attention
Measure systems per operator, alarms, dwell time and competing tasks.
Scope boundary · 19
Supervised autonomy is not full autonomy
Disclose remote operators, monitoring ratios, intervention thresholds, support vessels and prepared environments.
Evidence statusCross-domain mission framework · vehicle, operation and jurisdiction validation requiredLast reviewed: 15 August 2026
19
FUURAA thesis
Human supervision is a legitimate control whose workload and authority must remain visible.
Engineering map
Turn the title into engineering objects that can be observed, measured and reviewed.
Each layer states the boundary to establish and the evidence needed for the next decision.
Intervention
Report frequency, cause, latency, duration and outcome.
Dependency
Record maps, geofences, escorts, observers and remote-centre services.
Verification questions
Write the questions first, then decide whether a demo, test, pilot or operating record can answer them.
Each question needs an object, conditions, denominator, threshold and accountable decision owner.
- 01
How many systems can one person truly supervise?
- 02
Which events require continuous attention?
- 03
What happens when the operator is unavailable?
- 04
Is intervention counted as failure or hidden support?
Evidence to preserve
Enable the next reader to reconstruct conditions, results, failures and the decision.
A conclusion alone loses reviewability; raw records, configuration and exclusions matter too.
- 01
Evidence package 1
Supervision and staffing model
- 02
Evidence package 2
Intervention distribution and workload study
- 03
Evidence package 3
Dependency and prepared-environment register
Scope boundary
State what this evidence still cannot be generalised to.
- 01
The word autonomous does not establish unattended operation, low intervention or independence from infrastructure.
- 02
This is an engineering reading and decision framework; it does not replace application-specific risk assessment, conformity work, procurement acceptance or professional advice.
Sources and evidence status
Read standards scope, measurement evidence and application conclusions separately.
Source dates and review status remain visible; external sources open in a new tab.
01
IMO · Adopted 2026-05 · effective 2026-07-01
↗02International Code of Safety for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships
Establishes a goal-based framework for MASS design, operation and certification, including modes, operational limits, remote centres, cybersecurity and human oversight.
International Hydrographic Review / IHO · Published 2020-11-30 · updated 2021-09-21
↗03Hydrographic survey with autonomous surface vehicles
Separates remote piloting from several autonomy levels and links supervision to traffic, hazards, weather, sensors, communications and recovery.
NOAA Ocean Exploration · Updated 2022-04-25 · verified 2026-08-15
↗Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Describes untethered AUVs executing planned missions, storing payload data, surfacing for communications and requiring later recovery and processing.