Mode
Label manual, assisted, supervised, autonomous and recovery phases separately.
Scope boundary · 19
Remote operation is not hidden autonomy
Disclose route teaching, live driving, supervisory attention, intervention, remote services and retrieval labour.
Evidence statusField mission framework · task, terrain and site validation requiredLast reviewed: 15 August 2026
19
FUURAA thesis
Remote operation may be the correct architecture, but it creates different workload, communications and authority requirements.
Engineering map
Turn the title into engineering objects that can be observed, measured and reviewed.
Each layer states the boundary to establish and the evidence needed for the next decision.
Labour
Count monitoring, driving, diagnosis, dispatch, data review and training.
Dependency
Record radio, network, map, dock, cloud, vendor and local support.
Verification questions
Write the questions first, then decide whether a demo, test, pilot or operating record can answer them.
Each question needs an object, conditions, denominator, threshold and accountable decision owner.
- 01
Who acts during every mission phase?
- 02
How often does autonomy request help?
- 03
What service fails with the network?
- 04
How is human error measured?
Evidence to preserve
Enable the next reader to reconstruct conditions, results, failures and the decision.
A conclusion alone loses reviewability; raw records, configuration and exclusions matter too.
- 01
Evidence package 1
Phase-by-phase autonomy disclosure
- 02
Evidence package 2
Human-time and intervention ledger
- 03
Evidence package 3
Dependency and outage test
Scope boundary
State what this evidence still cannot be generalised to.
- 01
The word autonomous does not establish unattended operation, low intervention or low labour cost.
- 02
This is an engineering reading and decision framework; it does not replace application-specific risk assessment, conformity work, procurement acceptance or professional advice.
Sources and evidence status
Read standards scope, measurement evidence and application conclusions separately.
Source dates and review status remain visible; external sources open in a new tab.
01
NIST · Updated 2026-04-24
↗02Performance of Emergency Response Robots
Defines repeatable measures across mobility, sensing, endurance, communications, autonomy, logistics, safety and operator proficiency; mission profiles combine multiple elemental tests.
DARPA · Final event 2021-09-21 to 2021-09-24
↗03Subterranean Challenge Final Event
Teams deployed autonomous systems to map, navigate and identify artifacts in unfamiliar tunnel, urban-underground and cave environments.
Boston Dynamics · Spot SDK 5.1.9 · verified 2026-08-15
↗Spot Payload Developer Guide
Documents mechanical, electrical, software, service-fault and time-synchronisation requirements for integrating sensing and manipulation payloads.