State model
Name permitted motion, speed, energy, access and safeguarding in each state.
Reading method · 04
Define operating modes
Make production, collaborative operation, teaching, setup, maintenance, fault response and restart distinct and observable.
Evidence statusEngineering decision framework · application validation requiredLast reviewed: 13 August 2026
04
FUURAA thesis
Risk often changes more between modes than between robot models.
Engineering map
Turn the title into engineering objects that can be observed, measured and reviewed.
Each layer states the boundary to establish and the evidence needed for the next decision.
Transitions
Control who can change modes, from where, with which indication and confirmation.
Abnormal states
Include sensor loss, blocked paths, dropped parts, restart and recovery.
Verification questions
Write the questions first, then decide whether a demo, test, pilot or operating record can answer them.
Each question needs an object, conditions, denominator, threshold and accountable decision owner.
- 01
Can an operator identify the current mode at a glance?
- 02
Which transitions can initiate unexpected motion?
- 03
What access is permitted during troubleshooting?
- 04
How is a safe state verified before restart?
Evidence to preserve
Enable the next reader to reconstruct conditions, results, failures and the decision.
A conclusion alone loses reviewability; raw records, configuration and exclusions matter too.
- 01
Evidence package 1
Mode and transition diagram
- 02
Evidence package 2
Access, indication and authorisation test results
- 03
Evidence package 3
Observed recovery and restart drills
Scope boundary
State what this evidence still cannot be generalised to.
- 01
A normal production test does not establish safety during setup, maintenance or recovery.
- 02
This is an engineering reading and decision framework; it does not replace application-specific risk assessment, conformity work, procurement acceptance or professional advice.
Sources and evidence status
Read standards scope, measurement evidence and application conclusions separately.
Source dates and review status remain visible; external sources open in a new tab.
01
ISO · 2025-02
↗02ISO 10218-2:2025 — Industrial robot applications and robot cells
Addresses integration, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of complete industrial robot applications and cells.
OSHA · Reviewed 2026-08-13
↗Industrial robots and robot system safety
Highlights application hazard analysis, worker participation and risks during programming, testing, maintenance and recovery.