Demand
Define order mix, peaks, service levels and rejected work.
Reading method · 01
Fulfilment system, not vehicle speed
Begin with completed order lines, cut-off times, quality and exceptions before comparing robot motion.
Evidence statusDeployment decision framework · site and workflow validation requiredLast reviewed: 14 August 2026
01
FUURAA thesis
The unit of value is the complete material-and-information flow through the bottleneck.
Engineering map
Turn the title into engineering objects that can be observed, measured and reviewed.
Each layer states the boundary to establish and the evidence needed for the next decision.
Flow
Map storage, transport, stations, verification and handoff.
Outcome
Measure completion, quality, lateness and manual work.
Verification questions
Write the questions first, then decide whether a demo, test, pilot or operating record can answer them.
Each question needs an object, conditions, denominator, threshold and accountable decision owner.
- 01
What customer or production outcome is completed?
- 02
Where is the real bottleneck?
- 03
Which work remains manual?
- 04
How are partial orders counted?
Evidence to preserve
Enable the next reader to reconstruct conditions, results, failures and the decision.
A conclusion alone loses reviewability; raw records, configuration and exclusions matter too.
- 01
Evidence package 1
End-to-end value-stream map
- 02
Evidence package 2
Order-line throughput and quality record
- 03
Evidence package 3
Manual work and exception ledger
Scope boundary
State what this evidence still cannot be generalised to.
- 01
A maximum vehicle speed or route time cannot establish warehouse throughput.
- 02
This is an engineering reading and decision framework; it does not replace application-specific risk assessment, conformity work, procurement acceptance or professional advice.
Sources and evidence status
Read standards scope, measurement evidence and application conclusions separately.
Source dates and review status remain visible; external sources open in a new tab.
01
ISO · Published 2023-06 · revision in progress
↗02ISO 3691-4:2023 — Driverless industrial trucks and their systems
Specifies safety requirements and verification for AGVs, AMRs and related driverless industrial-truck systems, including operating-zone conditions.
NIST · Updated 2024-08-16 · verified 2026-08-14
↗Standard test methods for response robots
Develops repeatable measures for mobility, manipulation, sensing, endurance, communications, operator proficiency, logistics and safety.