Energy
Map moving mass, torque, closing force, edges and gaps.
System anatomy · 05
Task mechanism and contact
Evaluate brushes, wheels, trays, doors, grippers and assistive contact with real objects, surfaces and bodies.
Evidence statusService decision framework · site and user validation requiredLast reviewed: 14 August 2026
05
FUURAA thesis
Low mass or domestic appearance does not remove trapping, entanglement, heat or contamination hazards.
Engineering map
Turn the title into engineering objects that can be observed, measured and reviewed.
Each layer states the boundary to establish and the evidence needed for the next decision.
Materials
Assess liquids, dust, allergens, food contact and cleaning agents.
Release
Enable non-experts to stop and free people, pets, hair or clothing.
Verification questions
Write the questions first, then decide whether a demo, test, pilot or operating record can answer them.
Each question needs an object, conditions, denominator, threshold and accountable decision owner.
- 01
Where can hair or fingers enter?
- 02
Which surfaces become hot or contaminated?
- 03
What is the worst force?
- 04
Can release occur without new motion?
Evidence to preserve
Enable the next reader to reconstruct conditions, results, failures and the decision.
A conclusion alone loses reviewability; raw records, configuration and exclusions matter too.
- 01
Evidence package 1
Reachable-hazard map
- 02
Evidence package 2
Force and entanglement tests
- 03
Evidence package 3
Observed release trials
Scope boundary
State what this evidence still cannot be generalised to.
- 01
A rounded shell or low nominal speed is not evidence for every contact case.
- 02
This is an engineering reading and decision framework; it does not replace application-specific risk assessment, conformity work, procurement acceptance or professional advice.
Sources and evidence status
Read standards scope, measurement evidence and application conclusions separately.
Source dates and review status remain visible; external sources open in a new tab.
01
ISO · 2014-02 · confirmed 2020
↗02ISO 13482:2014 — Safety requirements for personal care robots
Covers inherently safe design, protective measures and information for mobile servant, physical assistant and person-carrier robots.
ISO · 2020-02
↗ISO/TR 23482-1:2020 — Safety-related test methods for personal care robots
Describes test methods supporting ISO 13482 and requires test selection and parameters to follow risk assessment.