Motion
Measure speed, steering, braking and stability across load states.
System anatomy · 05
Mobile platform and safe movement
Evaluate drive, braking, localisation, obstacle detection, battery and load interface as one moving system.
Evidence statusDeployment decision framework · site and workflow validation requiredLast reviewed: 14 August 2026
05
FUURAA thesis
Stopping performance is conditional on load, speed, floor, sensing and response latency.
Engineering map
Turn the title into engineering objects that can be observed, measured and reviewed.
Each layer states the boundary to establish and the evidence needed for the next decision.
Perception
Challenge object size, reflectivity, occlusion and approach paths.
Safe state
Define behaviour after localisation, power or communication loss.
Verification questions
Write the questions first, then decide whether a demo, test, pilot or operating record can answer them.
Each question needs an object, conditions, denominator, threshold and accountable decision owner.
- 01
What is the worst-case stopping distance?
- 02
How is load shift detected?
- 03
Which objects remain difficult to detect?
- 04
Can the truck wait safely after a fault?
Evidence to preserve
Enable the next reader to reconstruct conditions, results, failures and the decision.
A conclusion alone loses reviewability; raw records, configuration and exclusions matter too.
- 01
Evidence package 1
Load-speed-floor test matrix
- 02
Evidence package 2
Detection and stopping results
- 03
Evidence package 3
Fault and safe-state verification
Scope boundary
State what this evidence still cannot be generalised to.
- 01
A navigation success rate does not establish safe movement with maximum load and mixed traffic.
- 02
This is an engineering reading and decision framework; it does not replace application-specific risk assessment, conformity work, procurement acceptance or professional advice.
Sources and evidence status
Read standards scope, measurement evidence and application conclusions separately.
Source dates and review status remain visible; external sources open in a new tab.
01
ISO · Published 2023-06 · revision in progress
↗02ISO 3691-4:2023 — Driverless industrial trucks and their systems
Specifies safety requirements and verification for AGVs, AMRs and related driverless industrial-truck systems, including operating-zone conditions.
NIST · Updated 2024-08-16 · verified 2026-08-14
↗Standard test methods for response robots
Develops repeatable measures for mobility, manipulation, sensing, endurance, communications, operator proficiency, logistics and safety.