Geometry
Map width, clearance, slopes, edges and escape routes.
Reading method · 02
Operating zone before route
Specify floors, crossings, blind corners, docks, doors, loads, people and environmental limits before approving navigation.
Evidence statusDeployment decision framework · site and workflow validation requiredLast reviewed: 14 August 2026
02
FUURAA thesis
For driverless industrial trucks, the prepared operating zone is part of the safety system.
Engineering map
Turn the title into engineering objects that can be observed, measured and reviewed.
Each layer states the boundary to establish and the evidence needed for the next decision.
Traffic
Record pedestrians, forklifts, doors and right-of-way rules.
Conditions
Bound friction, lighting, dust, temperature and communications.
Verification questions
Write the questions first, then decide whether a demo, test, pilot or operating record can answer them.
Each question needs an object, conditions, denominator, threshold and accountable decision owner.
- 01
Which zones are inside the intended scope?
- 02
What changes require reassessment?
- 03
Where can people unexpectedly enter?
- 04
How is emergency access preserved?
Evidence to preserve
Enable the next reader to reconstruct conditions, results, failures and the decision.
A conclusion alone loses reviewability; raw records, configuration and exclusions matter too.
- 01
Evidence package 1
Versioned operating-zone drawing
- 02
Evidence package 2
Traffic and hazard assessment
- 03
Evidence package 3
Change-control and inspection record
Scope boundary
State what this evidence still cannot be generalised to.
- 01
ISO 3691-4 excludes public zones and several special environments; passing inside scope cannot be generalised outside it.
- 02
This is an engineering reading and decision framework; it does not replace application-specific risk assessment, conformity work, procurement acceptance or professional advice.
Sources and evidence status
Read standards scope, measurement evidence and application conclusions separately.
Source dates and review status remain visible; external sources open in a new tab.
01
ISO · Published 2023-06 · revision in progress
↗02ISO 3691-4:2023 — Driverless industrial trucks and their systems
Specifies safety requirements and verification for AGVs, AMRs and related driverless industrial-truck systems, including operating-zone conditions.
OSHA · Current guidance · verified 2026-08-14
↗Warehousing — Hazards and solutions
Identifies struck-by, caught-between and other hazards when automation and robots are integrated into warehouse work.